Community-responsive scholar-activist research: conceptualizing capacity building and sustainability in a Northern California community-university partnership.

We critically examine the ongoing development of a collaborative, responsive, activist research process between academics and farmworkers. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with community-based researchers and scholar-activists, we assess our team's understanding of community capacity building and research sustainability as the conceptual and operational definitions of these concepts lack academic consensus. The definitions we present reflect a 12-year effort to respond to community needs through interdisciplinary research, planning, and action. Our community-university team's evolving understanding of community capacity building and research sustainability is contextualized by our community-driven, community-responsive, and collaborative process. We discuss strengths and limitations encountered when conducting community-responsive, scholar-activist research and conclude by offering the lessons learned.

Clinical one health: A novel healthcare solution for underserved communities.

Limited access to healthcare is a symptom of poverty worldwide. In Knights Landing, California, USA, an economically underserved, agricultural community, advocates recognized that integration of human and animal healthcare could provide a less intimidating gateway to services and facilitate assessments of individuals' health, not just in moments in time, but within the context of the complex interactions with other humans, animals, and their encompassing environment. Humans and animals share diseases resulting from common exposure to environmental pollutants and disease hosts and lack of adequate nutrition. Thus, a One Health-based clinic was established using an interdisciplinary approach to individual and community health. Interprofessional proximity allows veterinarians and physicians to help each other develop the full community-health picture, allowing sentinel cases to come to the forefront. With a collaborative One Health approach and clinicians adaptable to the changing needs of the population, the provision of community-centered healthcare has become more tenable.

[Experiences of undocumented Mexican migrant women when accessing sexual and reproductive health services in California, USA: a case study]. / Experiencias de mujeres mexicanas migrantes indocumentadas en California, Estados Unidos, en su acceso a los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva: estudio de caso.

This study focuses on the experience of Mexican women migrants in California, USA, with the use of formal health services for sexual and reproductive health issues. The authors used a qualitative interpretative approach with life histories, interviewing eight female users of healthcare services in California and seven key informants in Mexico and California. There were three main types of barriers to healthcare: immigration status, language, and gender. Participants reported long waiting times, discriminatory attitudes, and high cost of services. A combination of formal and informal healthcare services was common. The assessment of quality of care was closely related to undocumented immigration status. Social support networks are crucial to help solve healthcare issues. Quality of care should take intercultural health issues into account.

Experiencias de mujeres mexicanas migrantes indocumentadas en California, Estados Unidos, en su acceso a los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva: estudio de caso / Experiences of undocumented Mexican migrant women when accessing sexual and reproductive health services in California, USA: a case study / Experiências de mulheres mexicanas migrantes sem documentação na Califórnia, Estados Unidos, no acesso aos serviços de saúde sexual e reprodutiva: estudo de caso

This study focuses on the experience of Mexican women migrants in California, USA, with the use of formal health services for sexual and reproductive health issues. The authors used a qualitative interpretative approach with life histories, interviewing eight female users of healthcare services in California and seven key informants in Mexico and California. There were three main types of barriers to healthcare: immigration status, language, and gender. Participants reported long waiting times, discriminatory attitudes, and high cost of services. A combination of formal and informal healthcare services was common. The assessment of quality of care was closely related to undocumented immigration status. Social support networks are crucial to help solve healthcare issues. Quality of care should take intercultural health issues into account.

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la experiencia de mujeres mexicanas migrantes en California, Estados Unidos, en torno a la utilización de los servicios formales de salud para resolver problemas relacionados con su salud sexual y reproductiva. El diseño fue cualitativo, con enfoque teórico metodológico de antropología interpretativa. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron historias de vida con mujeres usuarias de los servicios de salud en California y entrevistas breves con informantes clave. Se encontraron tres tipos de barreras principales para el acceso al sistema de salud: condición migratoria, idioma y género. Los tiempos de espera, actitudes discriminatorias y costo del servicio se expresaron como características que más incomodaron a las migrantes. La percepción de calidad de atención estuvo relacionada con la condición de ilegalidad migratoria. La red de apoyo tanto en México, como en California, colabora en la resolución de enfermedades. Se debe incorporar la perspectiva intercultural en los servicios.

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a experiência de mulheres imigrantes mexicanas na Califórnia, Estados Unidos, sobre a utilização de serviços formais de saúde para resolver problemas relacionados com a saúde sexual e reprodutiva. O desenho foi qualitativo, com enfoque teórico-metodológico da Antropologia Interpretativa. As técnicas utilizadas foram relatos de histórias de vida de mulheres usuárias dos serviços de saúde na Califórnia e entrevistas breves com informantes-chave. Encontraram-se três tipos de barreiras principais para o acesso ao serviço de saúde: condições de imigração, idioma e gênero. Tempo de espera, atitudes discriminatórias e custo do serviço foram as características que mais incomodaram as imigrantes. A percepção de qualidade da atenção esteve relacionada com a condição de ilegalidade migratória. A rede de apoio, tanto no México quanto na Califórnia, colabora na resolução das enfermidades. Deve-se incorporar a perspectiva intercultural nos serviços de saúde.

El Programa de Interrupción Legal del Embarazo en la Ciudad de México: experiencias del personal de salud / Mexico City's Legal Abortion Program: health workers' experiences

OBJETIVO: Identificar las percepciones y opiniones del personal proveedor de servicios de aborto en la Ciudad de México, a tres años de la implementación de la reforma de la ley sobre aborto electivo. MÉTODOS: Se realizaron 19 entrevistas en profundidad entre febrero y junio de 2010 al personal de salud adscrito al Programa de Interrupción Legal del Embarazo (ILE) en una clínica y un hospital del Distrito Federal. Se recabó información sobre datos sociodemográficos, formación profesional y experiencia con provisión de servicios. RESULTADOS: Algunos participantes consideraron un acierto la gratuidad del servicio porque permite el acceso de mujeres de escasos recursos, en tanto que otros percibieron negativamente la exención del pago, a diferencia de otros procedimientos ginecobstétricos del sector salud. La objeción de conciencia prevaleció entre el personal de salud de ingreso reciente, lo cual podría atribuirse a su desconocimiento sobre lineamientos legales y técnicos del programa de ILE. Existe ambivalencia entre el personal por la no aceptación de un método anticonceptivo post-aborto por parte de algunas mujeres, lo que se percibe como un factor de reincidencia importante en los servicios de aborto legal. CONCLUSIONES: El personal de salud ostenta opiniones divididas y ambivalentes respecto al derecho de las mujeres a interrumpir un embarazo. Analizar experiencias y opiniones del personal de salud sobre la ley de ILE permitirá tener una línea basal sobre el tema y estudios futuros lograrán documentar cambios y retrocesos en la aprobación de dicha ley en México.

OBJECTIVE: Identify the perceptions and opinions of people who provide abortion services in Mexico City, three years after implementation of elective abortion legal reforms. METHODS: Nineteen in-depth interviews of health workers assigned to the legal abortion programs at a clinic and a hospital in Mexico's Federal District were carried out between February and June of 2010. Information on sociodemographic data, professional training, and experience in providing services was collected. RESULTS: Some interviewees thought the provision of free services was beneficial because it allowed lower-income women to access this type of care, whereas others interviewed disapproved of the lack of fees, since other gynecological and obstetric health services have to be paid for. Conscientious objection prevailed among newly hired health workers, which can be attributed to their lack of knowledge about the legal abortion program's legal and technical guidelines. Some workers were ambivalent because they did not accept a postabortion contraception method used by some women, perceiving it to be a factor in significant repeated demand for legal abortion services. CONCLUSIONS: Health workers evince divided and ambivalent opinions with regard to abortion rights. Analyzing their experiences and opinions will facilitate the creation of a baseline on the subject, and future studies will be able to document changes in and any lessening of approval for this law in Mexico.

[Mexico City's Legal Abortion Program: health workers' experiences]. / El Programa de Interrupción Legal del Embarazo en la Ciudad de México: experiencias del personal de salud.

OBJECTIVE: Identify the perceptions and opinions of people who provide abortion services in Mexico City, three years after implementation of elective abortion legal reforms. METHODS: Nineteen in-depth interviews of health workers assigned to the legal abortion programs at a clinic and a hospital in Mexico's Federal District were carried out between February and June of 2010. Information on sociodemographic data, professional training, and experience in providing services was collected. RESULTS: Some interviewees thought the provision of free services was beneficial because it allowed lower-income women to access this type of care, whereas others interviewed disapproved of the lack of fees, since other gynecological and obstetric health services have to be paid for. Conscientious objection prevailed among newly hired health workers, which can be attributed to their lack of knowledge about the legal abortion program's legal and technical guidelines. Some workers were ambivalent because they did not accept a postabortion contraception method used by some women, perceiving it to be a factor in significant repeated demand for legal abortion services. CONCLUSIONS: Health workers evince divided and ambivalent opinions with regard to abortion rights. Analyzing their experiences and opinions will facilitate the creation of a baseline on the subject, and future studies will be able to document changes in and any lessening of approval for this law in Mexico.

Development and testing of interview questions to determine last menstrual period in Mexican immigrant populations.

The last menstrual period is used to estimate gestational age. This paper examines sources of measurement error related to the recall of last menstrual period among Mexican immigrant women living in the United States. Qualitative analyses (focus groups and cognitive interviews) suggest that last menstrual period recall does not seem to be a large source of measurement error in the calculation of gestational age and the impact of this type of error on the misclassification of preterm births appears to be minimal. Questions for querying about last menstrual period in this population are offered.

The role of coding time in estimating and interpreting growth curve models.

The coding of time in growth curve models has important implications for the interpretation of the resulting model that are sometimes not transparent. The authors develop a general framework that includes predictors of growth curve components to illustrate how parameter estimates and their standard errors are exactly determined as a function of receding time in growth curve models. Linear and quadratic growth model examples are provided, and the interpretation of estimates given a particular coding of time is illustrated. How and why the precision and statistical power of predictors of lower order growth curve components changes over time is illustrated and discussed. Recommendations include coding time to produce readily interpretable estimates and graphing lower order effects across time with appropriate confidence intervals to help illustrate and understand the growth process.